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Endemic human blastomycosis in Quebec, Canada, 1988-2011.

I V Litvinov¹, G St-Germain, R Pelletier

¹Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ivan.litvinov@mail.mcgill.ca

Epidemiology and Infection

|August 30, 2012

Summary

This study reveals Quebec, Canada, as an important endemic region for blastomycosis, a fungal infection. Incidence rates increased significantly over 20 years, establishing a notable North American focus.

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases Epidemiology

Background:

Blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection with a global distribution.
Literature review indicated limited recent case reports from Quebec, Canada, leaving its endemic status uncertain.
Previous data on blastomycosis in Quebec was scarce, with the last case report in 1993.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if Quebec represents an important endemic region for blastomycosis in North America.
To analyze the incidence and trends of human blastomycosis in Quebec from 1988 to 2011.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 158 human blastomycosis cases documented in Quebec.
Utilized microbiological records from the provincial public health laboratory for case identification.
Calculated annual incidence rates per 100,000 individuals for the province and specific regions.

Main Results:

Estimated annual incidence of blastomycosis in Quebec was approximately 0.133 cases per 100,000 individuals.
Highest incidence rates were observed in South-eastern (0.79 per 100,000) and South-western Quebec (0.46 per 100,000).
A significant increase in the annual incidence rate of blastomycosis was observed over the 20-year study period.

Conclusions:

This study establishes Quebec as an important endemic region for Blastomyces dermatitidis.
The findings highlight the need for increased awareness and surveillance of blastomycosis in Quebec.
The increasing incidence suggests potential environmental or epidemiological shifts influencing fungal infections in the region.