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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2014

Asthma: a chronic infectious disease?

Gaetano Caramori¹, Nikos Papadopoulos, Marco Contoli

¹Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Centro per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo Correlate dell'Apparato Respiratorio, University of Ferrara, via Savonarola 9, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.

Clinics in Chest Medicine

|August 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Respiratory infections, like rhinovirus, may contribute to asthma development, particularly in childhood. This review explores asthma as a potential chronic infectious disease, examining hygiene and microbiota hypotheses.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology

Background:

The hygiene and microbiota hypotheses suggest infections may protect against asthma.
Evidence linking respiratory infections to asthma causation is growing, especially for rhinovirus.
The role of bacterial infections in chronic asthma requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence supporting asthma as a chronic infectious disease.
To examine the association between respiratory infections and asthma development.
To discuss the implications of the hygiene and microbiota hypotheses.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on infections and asthma.
Analysis of data on rhinovirus and asthma association.
Evaluation of evidence for bacterial roles in asthma.

Main Results:

Rhinovirus infections show a notable association with childhood asthma development.
Infections in later life have a weaker link to asthma.
The connection between bacterial infections and chronic asthma is not yet clear.

Conclusions:

Asthma may be viewed as a chronic infectious condition.
Further research is needed to clarify the role of bacterial infections.
Understanding infection's role is crucial for asthma prevention and treatment.