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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Exploiting multimode waveguides for pure fibre-based imaging.

Tomáš Cižmár¹, Kishan Dholakia

¹School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK. tc51@st-andrews.ac.uk

Nature Communications

|August 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces lensless microscopy using disordered light in standard optical fibers, enabling real-time imaging of dynamic processes and optical mode conversion for advanced microscopy techniques.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Microscopy
Fiber Optics

Background:

Modern microscopy demands miniaturization and fiber-based solutions for in situ and in vivo imaging in challenging environments.
Existing approaches often rely on specialized fibers, micro-lenses, and scanning systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel lensless microscopy technique utilizing disordered light within standard multimode optical fibers.
To demonstrate optical mode conversion capabilities for generating advanced light fields.

Main Methods:

Employing disordered light propagation within a standard multimode optical fiber.
Implementing bright-field, dark-field, and scanning fluorescence microscopy modalities.
Developing optical mode conversion for generating specific light field patterns.

Main Results:

Achieved high-speed imaging, capturing dynamic processes like Brownian motion.
Demonstrated lensless microscopy with standard optical fibers.
Successfully generated various advanced light fields, including propagation-invariant beams and optical vortices.

Conclusions:

Disordered light in multimode fibers offers a versatile platform for lensless microscopy and optical mode conversion.
This approach facilitates compact, fiber-based imaging systems for challenging environments.
Potential applications include future fiber-based super-resolution and light-sheet microscopy.