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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Identifying hemodialysis catheter recirculation using effective ionic dialysance.

Jennifer Tan1, Sumit Mohan, Leroy Herbert

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Harlem Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|August 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The effective ionic dialysance to blood flow rate ratio can predict significant access recirculation in dialysis catheters. This ratio helps identify dysfunctional catheters, improving hemodialysis efficiency.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Vascular Access

Background:

  • Vascular catheter use is common in hemodialysis but often complicated by access recirculation (AR).
  • Previous research identified the effective ionic dialysance (EID)/blood flow rate (Qb) ratio's utility in detecting AR in arteriovenous fistulas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the EID/Qb ratio's effectiveness in identifying significant access recirculation (sAR) in patients undergoing hemodialysis via venous catheters.
  • To determine the predictive utility of the EID/Qb ratio for detecting dysfunctional catheters.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 58 patients undergoing hemodialysis with venous catheters (85% tunneled cuffed).
  • Intermittently monitored for AR using the saline dilution technique and recorded EID/Qb measurements from a Diascan biosensor.
  • Analyzed 193 hemodialysis sessions to identify instances of sAR.

Main Results:

  • Identified 74 instances of significant access recirculation (sAR) among 193 sessions.
  • Found a higher incidence of sAR with temporary catheters and femoral vein catheters.
  • Demonstrated a significant correlation between the EID/Qb ratio and AR, with an AUC of 0.86 for predicting sAR at a threshold of ≤ 0.60.

Conclusions:

  • The EID/Qb ratio is a useful indicator of sAR in dialysis catheters, though the optimal threshold differs from that in AV fistulas.
  • The EID/Qb ratio can predict dysfunctional catheters associated with sAR.
  • This ratio offers a valuable tool for monitoring and managing vascular access in hemodialysis patients.