Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corneal optical densitometry and anterior segment parameters in healthy upper Egyptian population: a prospective observational cross-sectional study.

BMC ophthalmology·2025
Same author

Acoustic features of and behavioral responses to emotionally intense mouse vocalizations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Emotional vocalizations alter behaviors and neurochemical release into the amygdala.

eLife·2024
Same author

The Mouse Inferior Colliculus Responds Preferentially to Non-Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

The Mouse Inferior Colliculus Responds Preferentially to Non-Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Depolarization shift in the resting membrane potential of inferior colliculus neurons explains their hyperactivity induced by an acoustic trauma.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Tinnitus and underlying brain mechanisms.

Alexander V Galazyuk1, Jeffrey J Wenstrup, Mohamed A Hamid

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA. agalaz@neomed.edu

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic tinnitus affects millions, causing distress and impacting daily life. Recent animal models reveal abnormal brain changes, offering new insights into tinnitus mechanisms and potential treatments.

More Related Videos

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Science
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Tinnitus, the perception of sound without external stimuli, affects 17% of US adults.
  • Chronic tinnitus can lead to significant emotional distress, sleep disturbances, and reduced quality of life.
  • Current understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology is limited, posing challenges for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the central neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus.
  • To summarize recent advancements in clinical management strategies for tinnitus patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recently developed animal models to investigate tinnitus generation.
  • Analyzing neuronal and cellular mechanisms in both auditory and nonauditory brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Animal models have identified abnormal changes in auditory and nonauditory brain regions associated with tinnitus.
  • Research has shed light on the cellular mechanisms driving these abnormal brain changes.
  • These findings provide a basis for understanding tinnitus generation and testing treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Tinnitus presents a significant challenge for patients and healthcare professionals.
  • Recent findings from animal models offer crucial insights into tinnitus-related brain changes.
  • Further research into neural mechanisms and clinical approaches is essential for improving patient outcomes.