Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Rapid and Precise Semi-Automatic Axon Quantification in Human Peripheral Nerves.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Rapid and Precise Semi-Automatic Axon Quantification in Human Peripheral Nerves.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Perfusion maintains functional potential in denervated mimic muscles in early persistent facial paralysis which requires early microsurgical treatment - the histoanatomic basis of the extratemporal facial nerve trunk assessing axonal load in the context of possible nerve transfers.

Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation·2018
Same author

The nerve supply of zygomaticus major: Variability and distinguishing zygomatic from buccal facial nerve branches.

Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)·2018
Same author

Cre recombinase expression or topical tamoxifen treatment do not affect retinal structure and function, neuronal vulnerability or glial reactivity in the mouse eye.

Neuroscience·2016
Same author

What is the nature of the RGC-5 cell line?

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2014
Same journal

["DOG 2020 online" - for the first time in the von Graefe year].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2024
Same journal

[Are organ and co-cultures an alternative to animal models in ophthalmology?]

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022
Same journal

[Pediatric corneal opacities : Even small improvements provide lifelong help].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022
Same journal

[Myxoma of the conjunctiva].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022
Same journal

[Secondary open-angle glaucoma: uveitic secondary glaucoma, steroid-induced glaucoma, posttraumatic and postoperative glaucoma, tumor-related glaucoma and glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022
Same journal

[Artificial intelligence in the management of anti-VEGF treatment: the Vienna fluid monitor in clinical practice].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis
07:26

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis

Published on: May 26, 2021

[Development of the human eye].

E R Tamm1, A Ohlmann

  • 1Institut für Anatomie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland. ernst.tamm@vkl.uni-regensburg.de

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human eye development involves complex cellular coordination from various origins, forming structures like the optic cup and lens. Essential maturation processes continue post-birth for proper vision.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy Using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish
07:40

Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy Using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish

Published on: April 5, 2021

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye
07:37

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

Published on: May 27, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis
07:26

4-Dimensional Imaging of Zebrafish Optic Cup Morphogenesis

Published on: May 26, 2021

Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy Using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish
07:40

Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy Using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish

Published on: April 5, 2021

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye
07:37

The Gateway to the Brain: Dissecting the Primate Eye

Published on: May 27, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell biology

Context:

  • Human eye development is a complex process involving multiple embryonic tissues.
  • The optic cup, derived from neuroectoderm, forms key retinal and ciliary structures.
  • The lens originates from surface ectoderm, while neural crest cells form ocular mesenchyme.

Purpose:

  • To outline the cellular origins and developmental timeline of the human eye.
  • To describe the contributions of different germ layers and cell types to eye formation.
  • To highlight the stages of eye development that extend beyond embryonic life.

Summary:

  • Eye development requires coordinated interactions between neuroectoderm (optic cup), surface ectoderm (lens), neural crest (mesenchyme), and mesoderm (vasculature).
  • Primary morphogenetic processes conclude by the second embryonic month.
  • Postnatal maturation is crucial for visual function, including aqueous humor circulation and retinal vascularization.

Impact:

  • Provides a foundational understanding of human ocular embryogenesis.
  • Highlights the critical, extended maturation period necessary for visual acuity.
  • Establishes the basis for studying congenital eye abnormalities and developmental disorders.