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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
10:45

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition

Published on: February 5, 2022

Ferromagnetic heteronuclear {Fe4(Er,Lu)2} cyclic coordination clusters based on ferric wheels.

Sebastian Schmidt1, Denis Prodius, Ghenadie Novitchi

  • 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel ferric-lanthanide clusters with unique magnetic properties. Studies revealed ferromagnetic interactions in one cluster and competing interactions in another, advancing molecular magnetism research.

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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Published on: February 5, 2022

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Magnetochemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide and iron complexes are crucial in developing advanced magnetic materials.
  • Understanding exchange interactions in polynuclear clusters is key to designing functional magnetic molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new family of hexanuclear ferric-lanthanide clusters.
  • To investigate the magnetic properties and exchange interactions within these novel clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hexanuclear ferric-lanthanide clusters: [Fe(III)(4)Ln(III)(2)(Htea)(4)(Piv)(6)(N(3))(4)] where Ln = Er (1) and Lu (2).
  • Variable temperature solid-state magnetic susceptibility studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of two new hexanuclear clusters containing iron(III) and lanthanide ions.
  • Magnetic studies revealed ferromagnetic exchange interactions in the Er(III) containing cluster (1).
  • The Lu(III) containing cluster (2) exhibited competing anti- and ferromagnetic exchange interactions between Fe(III) ions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reports a new class of ferric-lanthanide clusters with tunable magnetic behaviors.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of magnetic exchange interactions in mixed-metal systems.
  • These clusters show potential for applications in molecular magnetism and materials science.