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Updated: May 19, 2026

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Published on: April 27, 2019
Symptom experiences in patients after heart transplantation
Penelope Stiefel1, Doris Malehsa, Christoph Bara
1Hannover Medical School, Germany.
Abstract:
Patients' perceptions of immunosuppression-related symptom experience impact on quality of life and medication adherence. Using The Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale capturing items on symptom occurrence and symptom distress, 261 heart transplant recipients reported on their symptom experiences. Symptoms occurring with the highest prevalence were tiredness, lack of energy, and nervousness. Men showed erectile dysfunction causing the most distress. Women and younger patients reported significantly higher levels of symptom distress. Distress levels increased with time after transplant. Investigating responses to immunosuppression-related symptom experiences should help develop interventional methods to support long-term outcome.
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