Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SeedMatExplorer: the transcriptome atlas of Arabidopsis seed maturation.

BMC plant biology·2026
Same author

Translational landscape during seed germination revealed by ribosome profiling.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Rational design of induced regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in the absence of exogenous phytohormones.

The Plant cell·2025
Same author

Unravelling the dynamics of seed-stored mRNAs during seed priming.

The New phytologist·2025
Same author

Differential growth and flowering capacity of tulip bulbs and the potential involvement of PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE-BINDING PROTEINS (PEBPs).

Biology direct·2025
Same author

The PEBP genes FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 modulate seed dormancy and size.

Journal of experimental botany·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
11:02

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1

Published on: May 27, 2016

Promoter propagation in prokaryotes.

Mariana Matus-Garcia1, Harm Nijveen, Mark W J van Passel

  • 1Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, 6703HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Nucleic Acids Research
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered over 4000 conserved families of Putative Mobile Promoters (PMPs) in prokaryotic genomes. These PMPs are recyclable regulatory sequences that facilitate rapid adaptation and transcriptional rewiring of silent genes.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

Rapid Verification of Terminators Using the pGR-Blue Plasmid and Golden Gate Assembly
09:51

Rapid Verification of Terminators Using the pGR-Blue Plasmid and Golden Gate Assembly

Published on: April 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1
11:02

Methods to Discover Alternative Promoter Usage and Transcriptional Regulation of Murine Bcrp1

Published on: May 27, 2016

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast
06:53

In Vivo Monitoring of Transcriptional Activity During Metabolic Transition Using a Bioluminescent Reporter in Yeast

Published on: February 21, 2025

Rapid Verification of Terminators Using the pGR-Blue Plasmid and Golden Gate Assembly
09:51

Rapid Verification of Terminators Using the pGR-Blue Plasmid and Golden Gate Assembly

Published on: April 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Transcriptional rewiring of silent genes is crucial for prokaryotic adaptation but poorly understood.
  • Experimental evolution shows rapid adaptation often involves mobilizing existing promoter sequences.
  • Putative Mobile Promoters (PMPs) are hypothesized to drive this rapid adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize Putative Mobile Promoters (PMPs) across prokaryotic genomes.
  • To investigate the prevalence and conservation of PMPs.
  • To assess the role of PMPs in rapid adaptation and transcriptional rewiring.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of 1362 publicly available prokaryotic genomes.
  • Identification of conserved DNA sequences (50-100 bp, ≥80% nt identity) acting as potential promoters.
  • Clustering of identified sequences into homologous families.

Main Results:

  • >4000 conserved PMP families identified in 1043 genomes across 424 genera.
  • PMPs vary in family size and distribution, with some conserved across distant genera.
  • Identified PMPs represent recent or conserved mobilization events of non-coding DNA.

Conclusions:

  • A vast reservoir of recyclable regulatory sequences (PMPs) exists in prokaryotic genomes.
  • PMPs provide a mechanism for rapid transcriptional rewiring and adaptation.
  • This finding offers insights into the evolutionary flexibility of prokaryotes.