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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Neuromodulator-evoked synaptic metaplasticity within a central pattern generator network.

Mark D Kvarta1, Ronald M Harris-Warrick, Bruce R Johnson

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, S. G. Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|August 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromodulators like dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine alter synaptic plasticity in the lobster pyloric network. These amines uniquely change synaptic depression dynamics, impacting neuronal communication independently of synaptic strength.

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Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology
10:52

Evaluation of Synaptic Multiplicity Using Whole-cell Patch-clamp Electrophysiology

Published on: April 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cellular Neuroscience

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity underlies neuronal communication, enabling short-term activity-dependent changes in connection strength.
  • Neuromodulation acts as a form of metaplasticity, tuning synaptic plasticity.
  • The pyloric network in the spiny lobster stomatogastric ganglion is a model central pattern generator (CPG) for studying neural circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuromodulator-induced metaplasticity at a graded chemical synapse within the pyloric network.
  • To characterize how dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine modulate synaptic depression and recovery at the PD→LP synapse.
  • To determine if amine effects on synaptic dynamics are independent of changes in synaptic transmission amplitude.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the pyloric dilator (PD) to lateral pyloric (LP) neuron synapse (PD→LP synapse) in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion.
  • Drove the presynaptic PD neuron with long square pulses and realistic waveform trains across various voltages.
  • Quantified synaptic depression, recovery from depression, and graded inhibitory postsynaptic potential (gIPSP) amplitude under different amine modulations.

Main Results:

  • Dopamine weakly affected gIPSP amplitude but accelerated synaptic depression onset and recovery.
  • Octopamine enhanced gIPSP amplitude, reduced synaptic depression, slowed depression onset, and accelerated recovery.
  • Serotonin reduced gIPSP amplitude, increased synaptic depression, and accelerated depression onset.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulators differentially affect synaptic transmission amplitude and synaptic dynamics at graded chemical synapses.
  • Amine-induced metaplasticity can independently alter multiple parameters of synaptic dynamics, including depression onset and recovery.
  • These findings highlight diverse mechanisms by which neuromodulation shapes network function through synaptic plasticity.