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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Naming ability changes in physiological and pathological aging.

Maria Cotelli¹, Rosa Manenti, Michela Brambilla

¹IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia, Italy.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|August 31, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Non-invasive brain stimulation reveals that while the left frontal and temporal areas are key for naming, older adults and dementia patients also engage the right prefrontal cortex, indicating brain plasticity.

Keywords:

HAROLD brain stimulation cognition language plasticity

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Aging
Neuroimaging

Background:

Age-related brain changes involve functional reorganization, potentially compensating for cognitive decline.
Brain plasticity persists throughout physiological and pathological aging.
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool to study these aging-related brain changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review studies using NIBS to investigate cerebral changes during language tasks (naming) in younger adults, older adults, and dementia patients.
To explore age- and pathology-related alterations in brain activation patterns during naming.

Main Methods:

Review of studies applying non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques.
Analysis of neuroimaging data from younger adults, older adults, and patients with dementia performing a naming task.

Main Results:

The left frontal and temporal brain regions are critical for naming across age groups.
Older adults and dementia patients show increased engagement of the right prefrontal cortex during naming.
Naming performance is correlated with age and/or the severity of the pathological process.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest age- and pathology-related recruitment of bilateral prefrontal cortex during naming.
This bilateral engagement may reflect compensatory mechanisms or adaptations to cognitive changes associated with aging and dementia.
Brain plasticity remains a key factor in maintaining cognitive function throughout the lifespan.