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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods01:20

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacodynamic Methods

Pharmacodynamic methods provide insights into a drug's effects on physiological processes over time and play a crucial role in understanding bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. These methods can be broadly classified into acute pharmacological and therapeutic response approaches, each with distinct mechanisms and applications.The acute pharmacological response method directly correlates a drug's physiological effects, such as ECG or pupil diameter changes, to its time course in the body.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Metabolomics and its potential in drug development.

Diren Beyoğlu1, Jeffrey R Idle

  • 1Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. diren.beyoglu@ikp.unibe.ch

Biochemical Pharmacology
|September 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics, a comprehensive analysis of small molecules, aids in early drug development by identifying potential failures. This approach promises to improve the efficiency of drug discovery and clinical trials.

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)
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Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)

Published on: March 14, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Drug candidate failure in clinical trials (Phase II/III) incurs significant financial and time costs.
  • Biomarker utilization in preclinical development is crucial for early detection of non-viable drug candidates.
  • Evolving drug development models necessitate advanced tools for predicting candidate success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how metabolomics can support preclinical drug development phases.
  • To highlight the utility of metabolomics in discovery, pharmacology, toxicology, and ADME studies.
  • To explore the potential of metabolomics as a patient prescreening tool in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Global and unbiased survey of small molecules (<1 kDa) in biological samples.
  • Analysis of endogenous and exogenous metabolic end-products.
  • Application of metabolomics in preclinical drug development stages.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomics provides insights into drug discovery and development.
  • Examples illustrate the application of metabolomics in pharmacology, toxicology, and ADME.
  • Metabolomics aids in identifying potential drug failures early in development.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics is a valuable tool for enhancing preclinical drug development.
  • It shows significant promise for patient preselection and disease subclassification in clinical trials.
  • Metabolomics is poised to become integral to drug development alongside genomics and transcriptomics.