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Related Concept Videos

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Antidepressant Drugs: Overview01:25

Antidepressant Drugs: Overview

Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used for treating various mood disorders, including major depression, anxiety disorders, and other related conditions. These medicines work by modulating the neurotransmitter balance within the brain, alleviating depressive symptoms. Antidepressants can be broadly categorized into several groups according to their mechanism of action and chemical structure: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-Norepinephrine...
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Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...

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Vilazodone: a novel antidepressant.

Elizabeth Choi1, Monika Zmarlicka, Megan J Ehret

  • 1Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|September 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vilazodone, a new antidepressant, effectively treats major depressive disorder (MDD) by combining selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor and partial 5-HT1A receptor agonist activities. Clinical trials show significant symptom improvement, though common side effects include diarrhea and nausea.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of novel antidepressants.
  • Clinical efficacy and safety of serotonergic agents.

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) remains a significant public health concern.
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are a cornerstone of MDD treatment.
  • Novel therapeutic mechanisms are sought to improve antidepressant efficacy and tolerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of vilazodone.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vilazodone in Phase III clinical trials for MDD.
  • To assess the therapeutic profile of vilazodone as a novel antidepressant agent.

Main Methods:

  • Review of vilazodone's pharmacological properties.
  • Analysis of efficacy and safety data from two published 8-week Phase III clinical trials.
  • Inclusion of 878 adult patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Main Results:

  • Vilazodone demonstrated significant symptomatic improvements in MDD patients compared to placebo.
  • Improvements were measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and other clinical assessments.
  • Commonly reported adverse effects included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia.

Conclusions:

  • Vilazodone is an efficacious and safe antidepressant for treating MDD.
  • Therapy initiation at 10 mg/day, titrated to 40 mg/day, is recommended.
  • Optimal bioavailability is achieved when taken with a meal; cost and long-term data may influence clinical utility.