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The Nucleus

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.

Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

A predictive computational model of the dynamic 3D interphase yeast nucleus.

Hua Wong¹, Hervé Marie-Nelly, Sébastien Herbert

¹Institut Pasteur, Groupe Imagerie et Modélisation, 75015 Paris, France.

Current Biology : CB

|September 4, 2012

Summary

A new computational model explains yeast nuclear organization using polymer physics. It predicts chromosome positioning and DNA contact frequencies, revealing genome structure principles beyond specific DNA-binding factors.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales

Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales

Published on: January 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Computational Biology
Genomics

Background:

Eukaryotic cell nuclei are spatially organized, with chromosomes and loci in nonrandom positions.
Nuclear organization correlates with gene expression and DNA processes but underlying principles are unclear.
Predictive models for nuclear architecture are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a computational model for predicting dynamic chromosome configurations in the interphase yeast nucleus.
To understand the principles governing large-scale spatial genome organization.

Main Methods:

Developed a first-principles computational model of dynamic chromosome configurations.
Used the model to statistically predict locus positioning and DNA contact frequencies in yeast nuclei.
Validated model predictions against experimental measurements and genome-wide contact data.

Main Results:

The model accurately predicts locus positioning, nucleolus morphology, and contact frequencies within and across chromosomes.
It recapitulates variations in locus and contact frequencies and subchromosomal contact features.
The model correctly predicts nuclear reorganization upon reduced ribosomal DNA transcription and identifies sites of chromosomal rearrangements.

Conclusions:

Yeast nuclear architecture arises from generic polymer properties, not solely specific DNA-binding factors.
Chromosome configurations and DNA contacts are primarily determined by genomic location and chromosome length.
The model offers a quantitative framework for understanding spatial genome organization and its functional implications.