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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
12:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

The effect of stroke on immune function.

Roberta Brambilla1, Yvonne Couch, Kate Lykke Lambertsen

  • 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Neurological disorders, like stroke, are a growing global health concern. This review explores the brain-immune system link in stroke and potential immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neurological disorders impact over a billion people globally, with aging populations increasing prevalence.
  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide.
  • Understanding the interplay between the brain and immune system is crucial for neurological health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the intricate relationship between the brain and immune system in the context of stroke.
  • To investigate how disruptions in brain-immune interactions contribute to stroke pathophysiology.
  • To review the potential of immunomodulatory therapies for stroke treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on neuroinflammation and stroke.
  • Analysis of studies on brain-immune system crosstalk.

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Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment
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Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model
08:22

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
12:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Published on: February 12, 2016

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment
09:00

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment

Published on: June 24, 2020

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model
08:22

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model

Published on: June 20, 2025

  • Exploration of research on immunomodulatory molecules in stroke models.

    • Main Results:

    • The brain and immune system exhibit significant crosstalk, crucial for normal function.
    • Disruptions in this crosstalk are implicated in the development of stroke pathology.
    • Emerging evidence supports immunomodulatory strategies as potential therapeutic avenues for stroke.

    Conclusions:

    • The brain-immune system axis plays a critical role in stroke.
    • Targeting neuroinflammation offers promising therapeutic opportunities for stroke patients.
    • Further research into immunomodulatory molecules is warranted for stroke treatment.