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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials
10:28

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Strong bonding magnetic plasmon hybridizations in double split-ring resonators.

Zhong-Jian Yang1, Zong-Suo Zhang, Zhong-Hua Hao

  • 1Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Optics Letters
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Complex magnetic dipole plasmon couplings in double split-ring resonators cause abnormal splitting. Stronger bonding coupling than antibonding coupling leads to redshifted peaks, revealing the role of external magnetic plasmon fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Metamaterials
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Double split-ring resonators exhibit complex magnetic dipole plasmon couplings.
  • Understanding these couplings is crucial for designing advanced optical and electromagnetic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex magnetic dipole plasmon couplings in double split-ring resonators.
  • To explain the observed abnormal splitting behavior in their absorption spectra.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical or experimental investigation of coupled split-ring resonator systems.
  • Analysis of absorption spectra and magnetic plasmon field distributions.

Main Results:

  • Observed two split peaks in the absorption spectrum of coupled systems.
  • Found that the shorter-wavelength resonance peak can be redshifted compared to individual rings.
  • Identified the crucial role of external magnetic plasmon fields in strong couplings.
  • Demonstrated that both bonding and antibonding plasmon hybridizations occur at each split peak.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal splitting behavior arises when bonding coupling effects dominate over antibonding ones.
  • Weaker coupling between rings leads to more normal splitting phenomena.
  • External magnetic plasmon fields are key to understanding the strong coupling and hybridization in these systems.