Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Bacterial Toxins01:12

Bacterial Toxins

Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cpg boosts peptide-based oral immunotherapy in mice with peanut allergy.

Frontiers in allergy·2026
Same author

Rab27 a regulates dendritic cell immune tolerogenic capacity.

International archives of allergy and immunology·2026
Same author

Chronic psychological stress potentiates IgE class switch recombination via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of B cells.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

Mouse Models of Food Allergies: Where Do They Take Us?

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology·2026
Same author

[Application of 3D-printed auxiliary guides in adolescent scoliosis surgery].

Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology·2025
Same author

Mitochondria-Targeted Dual-Ion Perturbator Amplifies Cuproptosis for Enhanced Melanoma Immunotherapy and Accelerated Postoperative Wound Healing.

ACS nano·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-derived haptens promote sensitization.

Shao-Bo Yang1, Tong-Li Li, Xiao Chen

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Lou Division, the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Microbial peptides from Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) can form adducts with antigens, promoting Th2 polarization and allergic diseases like food allergy (FA) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

More Related Videos

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens
09:09

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens

Published on: February 24, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
08:25

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Published on: September 26, 2022

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens
09:09

Removal and Replacement of Endogenous Ligands from Lipid-Bound Proteins and Allergens

Published on: February 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • T helper 2 (Th2) polarization is central to allergic diseases, but its origins remain unclear.
  • Microbial products may play a role in initiating antigen-specific Th2 responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adjuvant effect of microbial product-derived small peptides in initiating antigen-specific Th2 polarization.
  • To explore the link between Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-derived small peptides (Ssps) and the development of food allergy (FA) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical survey of CRS and FA patients, detection of Ssps in stool extracts.
  • In vitro assays using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with Ssp/ovalbumin (OVA) adducts.
  • In vivo mouse model to assess Th2 polarization induced by Ssp/OVA adducts in the intestine.

Main Results:

  • Higher prevalence of FA in SEB-positive CRS patients (18.2%) compared to SEB-negative CRS patients (2.9%).
  • Ssps detected in stool of FA patients with SEB-positive CRS; Ssp/OVA adducts induced DC maturation and T cell activation.
  • Ssp/OVA adducts promoted antigen-specific Th2 polarization in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • SEB-positive CRS patients are more susceptible to FA.
  • SEB degradation in the gut yields Ssps that bind antigens, enhancing their immunogenicity.
  • Ssps contribute to antigen-specific Th2 polarization and local inflammation, driving allergic responses.