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Updated: May 19, 2026

Waste Water Derived Electroactive Microbial Biofilms: Growth, Maintenance, and Basic Characterization
Published on: December 29, 2013
Biological water-oxidizing complex: a nano-sized manganese-calcium oxide in a protein environment
Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour1, Atefeh Nemati Moghaddam, Young Nam Yang
1Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. mmnajafpour@iasbs.ac.ir
Abstract:
The resolution of Photosystem II (PS II) crystals has been improved using isolated PS II from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus. The new 1.9 Å resolution data have provided detailed information on the structure of the water-oxidizing complex (Umena et al. Nature 473: 55-61, 2011). The atomic level structure of the manganese-calcium cluster is important for understanding the mechanism of water oxidation and to design an efficient catalyst for water oxidation in artificial photosynthetic systems. Here, we have briefly reviewed our knowledge of the structure and function of the cluster.
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