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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Polyelectrolyte Complex for Heparin Binding Domain Osteogenic Growth Factor Delivery
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Published on: August 22, 2016

Bone morphogenetic protein in spine surgery: current and future uses.

Jesse Even1, Mark Eskander, James Kang

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|September 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) use in spinal fusion is controversial. While it avoids iliac crest bone graft complications, increased reports of serious adverse events raise safety concerns for routine replacement.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Spinal Fusion Techniques

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gained FDA approval in 2002 for spinal fusion.
  • Surgeons adopted BMP to circumvent complications from iliac crest bone graft harvesting.
  • Widespread clinical use has coincided with an increase in reported BMP-related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ongoing controversy surrounding bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in spinal fusion.
  • To assess the safety profile of BMP compared to traditional iliac crest bone graft.
  • To determine if BMP should be the standard of care for spinal fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical outcomes and adverse event reports associated with BMP use.
  • Comparison of complication rates between BMP and iliac crest bone graft.
  • Analysis of the current literature on BMP efficacy and safety in spinal fusion.

Main Results:

  • BMP adoption increased significantly post-FDA approval.
  • Reports of serious complications linked to BMP have risen with its expanded use.
  • The safety and efficacy of BMP as a routine iliac crest bone graft alternative remain debated.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical utility of BMP in spinal fusion surgery is under scrutiny.
  • Concerns regarding BMP safety necessitate careful consideration for its widespread application.
  • Further research is required to definitively establish BMP's role in spinal fusion.