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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

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Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release

Published on: February 13, 2016

Chitosan matrix with three dimensionally ordered macroporous structure for nimodipine release.

Yuling Xie¹, Yanli Liu, Yan Wang

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers

|September 5, 2012

Summary

This study introduces a novel three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan (3D-CS) matrix for drug delivery. The 3D-CS matrix demonstrates tunable drug release properties, influenced by particle size and pH.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with potential in drug delivery.
Developing advanced carriers with controlled release is crucial for therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel three dimensionally ordered macroporous chitosan (3D-CS) matrix for drug delivery.
To investigate the drug release behavior of nimodipine (NMDP) from the 3D-CS matrix.

Main Methods:

Template-assisted assembly was used to synthesize the 3D-CS matrix.
Characterization involved SEM, TGA, N2 adsorption, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC.
Dissolution studies were performed at varying matrix particle sizes and pH levels.

Main Results:

The 3D-CS matrix exhibited interconnected nanometer-range pores.
Drug release was significantly influenced by matrix particle size, with smaller particles showing faster release.
Increased carrier amount led to decreased drug release rates.
A pH-dependent slow-release characteristic was observed.

Conclusions:

The 3D-CS matrix is a promising novel drug carrier.
Its release profile can be modulated by particle size and pH, offering potential for controlled drug delivery.