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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...

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Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation
20:12

Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation

Published on: October 8, 2011

Infrared spectral responsivity scale realization and validations.

George P Eppeldauer1, Vyacheslav B Podobedov

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA. george.eppeldauer@nist.gov

Applied Optics
|September 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new pyroelectric detector establishes a NIST spectral power responsivity scale, validating the long-term stability of InSb working standards. This ensures accurate infrared measurements for applications like target simulators.

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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
09:57

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

Published on: February 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Radiometry
  • Infrared Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Indium antimonide (InSb) radiometers are crucial for spectral measurements.
  • Accurate calibration scales are essential for reliable radiometer performance.
  • Previous calibrations relied on cryogenic bolometers and inter-laboratory comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize and disseminate a new spectral power responsivity scale using a pyroelectric transfer standard.
  • To validate the calibration and long-term stability of an InSb working standard radiometer.
  • To verify spectral irradiance responsivity scales for infrared (IR) target simulator calibration.

Main Methods:

  • Calibration of an InSb working standard against a cryogenic bolometer (NIST, 1999).
  • Calibration of the InSb standard against a newly developed pyroelectric transfer standard.
  • Inter-laboratory comparison with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, UK) in 1999.
  • Utilized the InSb standard in irradiance measurement mode.

Main Results:

  • A new NIST spectral power responsivity scale was realized between 1.7 and 14 μm with 1% uncertainty (k=2).
  • Disagreements below 2% were found between NIST, NPL, and pyroelectric standard calibrations for the InSb working standard.
  • Spectral irradiance responsivity scale uncertainty is 2.5% (k=2) from 2 to 5.2 μm.

Conclusions:

  • The pyroelectric transfer standard successfully disseminates the NIST spectral power responsivity scale.
  • The InSb working standard demonstrates excellent long-term stability and validates independent calibration scales.
  • The InSb standard's irradiance responsivity is validated for calibrating IR target simulators.