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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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Published on: November 7, 2025

PSA testing in general practice.

Fraser Hodgson1, Zuzana Obertová, Charis Brown

  • 1Waikato Clinical School, The University of Auckland, PB 3200, Hamilton, New Zealand. f.hodgson@auckland.ac.nz

Journal of Primary Health Care
|September 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is common in New Zealand, with GPs valuing screening despite challenges in discussing its pros and cons. Most prostate cancers diagnosed via PSA tests were in men with prior symptoms or prostate issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • General Practice
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has seen a significant rise in New Zealand, with 275,000 tests annually.
  • The utility of PSA testing within an unorganized screening program remains a subject of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the utilization of PSA testing in a sample of New Zealand general practices.
  • To investigate the motivations behind General Practitioners (GPs) ordering PSA tests.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PSA laboratory tests for men aged 40 and above in five Waikato general practices during 2010, cross-referenced with GP records.
  • Evaluation of testing rates, reasons for testing, histological outcomes, and referral patterns across different age demographics.
  • A questionnaire was administered to GPs to ascertain their perspectives on PSA testing.

Main Results:

  • One in four men aged 40 and over underwent PSA testing in 2010, with 71% being asymptomatic.
  • Elevated PSA levels were observed in 10% of all tests. Twenty-one of 23 prostate cancers were detected following an elevated PSA, predominantly in men with a history of prostate pathology or lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • GP questionnaires revealed a belief in PSA screening's benefits for reducing mortality but also highlighted difficulties in communicating the risks and benefits to patients.

Conclusions:

  • All participating GPs reported testing asymptomatic men, reflecting a belief in PSA screening's mortality-reducing potential.
  • Despite frequent testing of asymptomatic individuals, the majority of prostate cancer diagnoses occurred in patients presenting with symptoms or a history of prostate issues.
  • GPs face challenges in effectively counseling patients on the advantages and disadvantages of PSA testing.