[Migration rates as inferred from the 2002 Russian census]

Migration rates in the modern Russian population have been studied on the basis of the results of the 2002 census. The migration rate at the population level corresponding to a city or rural administrative district is m = 0.443. The migration rate for women (m(F) = 0.463) is 11% higher than for men (m(M) = 0.418); the migration rate for urban populations (m(U) = 0.459) is 15% higher than for rural populations (m(R) = 0.398). The geographic variation of migrations has been studied; the geographic distributions of the migration rates for rural, urban, male, and female populations are presented. Comparison of migrations in the rural population of Russia at two temporal cross-sections (1970 and 2002) has shown that the geographic structure of migrations has remained the same in many respects. The ecological factor has remained the main determinant of the migration geography, which is expressed in the relationship of the settled way of life with the forest-steppe and broad-leaved forest landscapes.