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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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A diffusion model account of age differences in posterror slowing.

Gilles Dutilh1, Birte U Forstmann, Joachim Vandekerckhove

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. gilles.dutilh@gmail.com

Psychology and Aging
|September 6, 2012
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Summary

Older adults exhibit more pronounced post-error slowing (PES) due to increased caution and reduced information processing. Young adults

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human factors

Background:

  • Individuals tend to slow down after making an error.
  • This post-error slowing (PES) phenomenon is more pronounced in older adults compared to younger adults.
  • The underlying mechanisms of age-related differences in PES remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins of age-related differences in post-error slowing (PES).
  • To differentiate the psychological processes contributing to PES in young versus older adults.
  • To examine how task characteristics influence PES in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the diffusion model to analyze response time and accuracy data.
  • Utilized data from young and older participants performing two distinct tasks: a random dot motion task and a lexical decision task.
  • Compared diffusion model parameters (e.g., caution, information processing effectiveness, non-decision time) between age groups and across tasks.

Main Results:

  • Post-error slowing effects on response time and accuracy differed qualitatively between young and older participants.
  • Older adults exhibited increased caution, less effective information processing, and longer durations of irrelevant processes after errors.
  • Young adults' PES origins varied by task: irrelevant processes in the random dot motion task, and increased caution/decreased processing effectiveness in the lexical decision task.

Conclusions:

  • Post-error slowing arises from an interplay of psychological processes.
  • The contribution of these processes to PES is modulated by task demands and individual differences (age).
  • PES is significantly larger in the lexical decision task compared to the random dot motion task.