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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Do Alzheimer-specific microstructural changes in mild cognitive impairment predict conversion?

Thomas van Bruggen1, Bram Stieltjes, Philipp A Thomann

  • 1Division of Medical and Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.

Psychiatry Research
|September 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) detects Alzheimer's-specific brain changes in MCI patients who later convert to AD. This technique aids early identification and intervention for Alzheimer's disease.

More Related Videos

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involve neuronal degeneration affecting brain architecture.
  • Identifying MCI patients at high risk of converting to AD is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) can identify predictive biomarkers for MCI conversion to AD.
  • To differentiate MCI patients who convert to AD from those who remain stable using DTI.

Main Methods:

  • Applied tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to DTI datasets from healthy controls, AD patients, and MCI patients.
  • Analyzed fornix, corpus callosum, and cingulum using TBSS and maximum likelihood regression.
  • Compared DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity) between stable MCI and MCI-to-AD converters.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (DR) were found between MCI converters and stable MCI patients.
  • DTI identified Alzheimer's-specific white matter changes in MCI subjects who later progressed to AD.
  • These DTI alterations were detectable even when patients were clinically indistinguishable.

Conclusions:

  • DTI can detect early, subclinical Alzheimer's-related brain changes in MCI patients.
  • This neuroimaging approach shows potential for predicting MCI conversion to AD.
  • Early identification via DTI may facilitate timely clinical intervention for Alzheimer's disease.