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Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Updated: May 19, 2026

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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Published on: November 1, 2011

H.J. Muller's contributions to mutation research.

Elof Axel Carlson¹

¹Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, United States; Institute for Advanced Study, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47407-8638, United States.

Mutation Research

|September 6, 2012

Summary

H.J. Muller

Area of Science:

Genetics and Molecular Biology
Radiation Biology

Background:

H.J. Muller's Nobel Prize-winning research focused on mutation induction via ionizing radiation.
His lesser-known contributions include defining gene mutations and distinguishing them from other genetic phenomena.

Discussion:

Muller's innovative genetic stocks were crucial for solving complex genetic problems.
This review explores the evolution of Muller's mutation theories and their impact.

Key Insights:

Muller meticulously differentiated gene mutations from polyploidy, chromosome rearrangements, and position effects.
His experimental designs facilitated the discovery of new genetic phenomena.

Outlook:

The review traces Muller's scientific journey from his early work to his final concepts.

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Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

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It highlights his lasting legacy, including the concept of "Muller's ratchet."