Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The protective role of FLI-1 in cardiac hypertrophy: Modulation of the IGF-1R/GNAI1/PLCG1 pathway.

Histology and histopathology·2026

Same author

BRD2 protects the rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes from hypoxia‑reoxygenation injury by targeting Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathway.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine·2023

Same author

Predictive value of acoustic cardiography for post-PCI early ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction.

Scientific reports·2023

Same author

Selenium deficiency causes hypertension by increasing renal AT<sub>1</sub> receptor expression via GPx1/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/NF-κB pathway.

Free radical biology & medicine·2023

Same author

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 causes renal angiotensin II type 2 receptor dysfunction by increasing its phosphorylation.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·2022

Same author

Identification of potential molecular mechanisms and small molecule drugs in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas·2020

Same journal

Correction: Characterization of Mast2 kinase defines structural features, regulation, and substrates.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Same journal

Isotope-Edited ESEEM: A New Method for Probing Copper Binding Sites in Neurodegenerative Proteins.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Same journal

Introduction to the Thematic Review Series on Intracellular Protein Degradation. The ubiquitous biology of intracellular protein degradation: a tribute to Alfred L. ("Fred") Goldberg.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Same journal

Correction: Aromatic residue-rich amino-terminal segments of temporin L self-assemble into collagen-mimetic peptides with cell-adhesion properties.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Same journal

YhbO is a DJ-1 family glyoxalase and α-oxoaldehyde hydratase that confers resistance to reactive carbonyl stress (112).

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Same journal

ARMH3 acts as a central scaffold at the Golgi/TGN through interactions with Arl5, GBF1, and PI4KB.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

WITHDRAWN: Specific antigen vaccination modulates memory B cell activities.

Qihong Yang¹, Yong Liang, Qing Ji

¹the 3rd military medical university, China.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

|September 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study was withdrawn by the author. No findings or conclusions can be reported at this time.

More Related Videos

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Published on: August 11, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

A Suction Blister Protocol to Study Human T-cell Recall Responses In Vivo

Published on: August 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Manuscript withdrawn by author.

Background:

The study was retracted before completion.

Purpose of the Study:

The original purpose of the study cannot be determined due to withdrawal.

Main Methods:

No methods were applied as the manuscript was withdrawn.

Main Results:

No results are available due to manuscript withdrawal.

Conclusions:

No conclusions can be drawn as the study was withdrawn by the author.