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Blood Flow

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Controlled Microfluidic Environment for Dynamic Investigation of Red Blood Cell Aggregation

Published on: June 4, 2015

Comparative hemorheology.

Oguz K Baskurt¹, Herbert J Meiselman

¹Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. obaskurt@ku.edu.tr

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

|September 7, 2012

Summary

Mammalian blood composition shows varied interspecies differences, with red blood cell counts being more variable than hematocrit. Low shear rate blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation correlate with body weight, offering evolutionary insights.

Area of Science:

Comparative physiology
Evolutionary biology
Medical science

Background:

Mammalian blood composition and rheology exhibit interspecies variations.
Hematocrit and hemoglobin show low variability, unlike mean cell volume and red blood cell count.
Low shear rate blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation display higher interspecies variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze interspecies variations in mammalian blood composition and rheology.
To investigate allometric relationships between blood flow properties and body weight.
To explore evolutionary hypotheses of circulatory functions and the role of red blood cell aggregation.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of blood composition and rheology data across mammalian species.

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Statistical examination of allometric relations for blood flow parameters against body weight.

Exclusion of Artiodactyla species to refine correlations.

Main Results:

Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels show low interspecies variability.
Mean cell volume and red blood cell count exhibit higher variability.
Low shear rate blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation strongly correlate with body weight, particularly when excluding Artiodactyla.

Conclusions:

Interspecies variation in blood rheology is significant and linked to red blood cell aggregation.
Allometric relationships provide a basis for evolutionary hypotheses regarding circulatory systems.
Understanding these variations can enhance knowledge of circulatory functions and have clinical implications, aligning with Evolutionary Medicine principles.