Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of multiple tongue conditions on the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota.

Journal of oral microbiology·2026
Same author

Evaluation of text- and image-based generative artificial intelligence for simulating impacted third molar extraction.

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis targeting sphingosine-related genes in head and neck cancer.

Discover oncology·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Capabilities of Large Language Models in Paediatric Dentistry.

International dental journal·2026
Same author

Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Paediatric Dentistry: A Scoping Review.

International dental journal·2026
Same author

Applications of artificial intelligence in tooth extraction: A systematic review.

Journal of dental sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
12:12

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Published on: December 17, 2013

Reprogramming to pluripotency can conceal somatic cell chromosomal instability.

Masakazu Hamada1, Liviu A Malureanu, Tobias Wijshake

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America.

Plos Genetics
|September 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Whole-chromosome instability (W-CIN) does not prevent reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, W-CIN defects can be hidden in iPSCs, necessitating genomic analysis of both cell types for safety.

More Related Videos

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
12:12

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Published on: December 17, 2013

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cellular Reprogramming

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold therapeutic promise but raise concerns about genomic integrity.
  • Loss of genomic integrity, including chromosome instability, is linked to diseases like cancer.
  • The impact of whole-chromosome instability (W-CIN) on somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether whole-chromosome instability (W-CIN) acts as a barrier to somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To examine the effects of specific W-CIN defects on the genomic integrity of resulting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • To determine if W-CIN in somatic cells can be masked during the iPSC reprogramming process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aneuploidy-prone mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with induced chromosome missegregation.
  • Investigated W-CIN caused by deficiencies in BubR1 or RanBP2.
  • Performed karyotypic analysis on both parental MEFs and derived iPSC clones.

Main Results:

  • Whole-chromosome instability (W-CIN) does not impede the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs.
  • BubR1 insufficiency led predominantly to aneuploid and karyotypically unstable iPSC clones.
  • RanBP2 insufficiency resulted in karyotypically normal and stable iPSC clones, despite parental W-CIN.
  • Demonstrated that W-CIN in somatic cells can be concealed within the pluripotent state of iPSCs.

Conclusions:

  • Whole-chromosome instability (W-CIN) is not a barrier to reprogramming, but its effects on iPSC genomic integrity vary with the underlying genetic defect.
  • The reprogramming process can select for or against aneuploid cells depending on the specific W-CIN gene involved.
  • Karyotypic analysis of both the original somatic cells and the derived iPSC lines is crucial for ensuring the safety of stem cell-based therapies.