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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Recent developments in computed tomography for urolithiasis: diagnosis and characterization.

P D Mc Laughlin1, L Crush, M M Maher

  • 1Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Advances in Urology
|September 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computed tomography (CT) plays a key role in diagnosing urinary tract calculi. Advances in low-dose CT and dual-energy imaging offer improved characterization and reduced radiation exposure for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging Science
  • Urology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Urinary tract calculi diagnosis and characterization rely on various radiologic imaging modalities.
  • Standard film radiography and computed tomography (CT) are established methods, but their roles evolve with technological advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the literature on radiologic imaging for urinary tract calculi.
  • To establish the current role of CT and standard film radiography in diagnosis and characterization.
  • To discuss advances in CT technology, including low-dose CT and dual-energy imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical evaluation of existing studies on radiologic imaging of urinary tract calculi.
  • Analysis of advancements in computed tomography (CT) technology, focusing on dose reduction and dual-energy capabilities.
  • Discussion of the principles of ionizing radiation exposure from CT scans.

Main Results:

  • Computed tomography (CT) is valuable for surveillance in patients post-endourological therapy.
  • Low-dose CT technology significantly reduces radiation doses (to approximately one-third of previous levels) while maintaining image quality.
  • Dual-energy imaging shows promise for characterizing the composition of urinary tract calculi.

Conclusions:

  • CT imaging, when used judiciously, is crucial for monitoring patients after urinary tract stone treatments.
  • Technological progress in CT, particularly low-dose and dual-energy applications, enhances diagnostic capabilities and patient safety.
  • Further research into dual-energy imaging may refine the characterization of urinary tract calculi composition.