Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

Lampbrush Chromosomes

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Teaching CBT without fear.

Current opinion in psychology·2026

Same author

Eyes on the prize: Reply to Myers (2026) and Winston (2026).

The American psychologist·2026

Same author

T-cell receptors that are <i>k</i>-binding have defined sequence features.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Same author

<i>C. albicans</i> pseudouridine glycosidase is important for growth in hygromycin stress and for filamentation.

microPublication biology·2025

Same author

Teaching an introductory psychology course that matters.

The American psychologist·2025

Same author

How advancements in molecular biology impact education and training.

Journal of microbiology & biology education·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Published on: February 21, 2015

Ruler arrays reveal haploid genomic structural variation.

P Alexander Rolfe¹, Douglas A Bernstein, Paula Grisafi

¹Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.

|September 7, 2012

Summary

Ruler arrays offer a novel method for detecting genomic structural variants, including insertions, deletions, duplications, and translocations, which are crucial for understanding diseases and evolution. This technique successfully identified 78% of structural variants larger than 100 bp in yeast strains.

More Related Videos

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Published on: February 21, 2015

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Genomic structural variants (SVs) are critical in pathogen behavior, cancer, development, and evolution.
Existing high-throughput techniques may fail to detect certain repeat-based SVs, limiting comprehensive genomic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce ruler arrays, a novel technique for detecting a wide range of genomic structural variants.
To address the limitations of current methods in identifying repeat-based SVs.

Main Methods:

Ruler arrays leverage DNA polymerase processivity to measure physical distances between specific genomic sequences.
The method integrates a unique sample preparation protocol, tiling genomic microarrays, and advanced computational analysis.
Data from two genomic samples were analyzed to identify structural variations.

Main Results:

The ruler array technique demonstrated its capability to detect insertions and deletions (indels), duplications, and translocations.
Empirical testing on two closely related haploid yeast strains revealed that ruler arrays detected 78% of structural variants exceeding 100 bp.

Conclusions:

Ruler arrays provide a powerful new approach for identifying genomic structural variants, including those missed by current technologies.
This method enhances the ability to study the impact of SVs on biological processes and disease.