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Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Overview
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Pyrosequencing: A Simple Method for Accurate Genotyping
13:06

Pyrosequencing: A Simple Method for Accurate Genotyping

Published on: January 8, 2008

Implications of pyrosequencing error correction for biological data interpretation.

Matthew G Bakker1, Zheng J Tu, James M Bradeen

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. matt.g.bakker@gmail.com

Plos One
|September 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Different DNA sequence processing methods significantly impact biological interpretations. AmpliconNoise de-noising alters operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and diversity, affecting downstream ecological analyses and comparisons.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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10:36

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Published on: August 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Second-generation DNA sequencing generates vast amounts of data.
  • Processing methods for this data can influence biological interpretations.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the impact of different processing pipelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the output of two distinct DNA sequence processing pipelines.
  • To investigate the impact of de-noising (AmpliconNoise) versus standard quality filtering on data interpretation.
  • To assess how processing choices affect operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness, diversity, and phylogenetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of AmpliconNoise (de-noising) with a standard pipeline (quality filtering and preclustering).
  • Analysis of read removal, OTU generation, and richness/diversity metrics.
  • Evaluation of taxon-based and phylogenetic diversity estimates.

Main Results:

  • AmpliconNoise removed more reads but resulted in more OTUs unique to the standard pipeline.
  • Total OTU richness decreased with AmpliconNoise, while per-sample richness, diversity, and evenness increased.
  • Phylogenetic diversity decreased with de-noising, altering sample diversity rankings.

Conclusions:

  • Processing pipeline choice significantly impacts biological interpretations from DNA sequencing data.
  • De-noising can alter ecological diversity metrics and phylogenetic relationships.
  • Cautions are needed for data archiving and comparing studies with different processing methods.