Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026
06:06
Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
Published on: September 11, 2020
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes: nine-year experience at a level-one trauma center
Ramy H Elshaboury1, Robert L Bergsbaken, John C Rotschafer
1Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota's College of Pharmacy, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, USA.
Minnesota Medicine
|September 8, 2012
Summary
Common Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults were identified. Since 2008, non-PCV7 serotypes have caused all IPD cases, highlighting the need for updated vaccination strategies.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes vary in prevalence and disease severity.
- Vaccination strategies aim to reduce the burden of IPD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the most common Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing IPD in hospitalized adults.
- To analyze trends in serotype prevalence over time.
- To provide context for current and future pneumococcal vaccine efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Collection of sequential, nonduplicative Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from hospitalized adults.
- Serotyping of collected isolates to determine specific serotypes.
- Analysis of isolate data from 2002 to 2010.
Main Results:
- Serotypes 3, 7F, and 19A were the most common among 200 analyzed isolates.
- A shift in causative serotypes was observed, with non-PCV7 serotypes dominating since 2008.
- All IPD cases studied after 2008 were attributed to non-PCV7 serotypes.
Conclusions:
- Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing IPD in adults has evolved.
- The emergence of non-PCV7 serotypes necessitates ongoing surveillance and vaccine development.
- Understanding serotype prevalence is crucial for effective IPD prevention and control.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
01:22Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
01:26Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...