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Published on: October 31, 2025
Myositis autoantibodies
Livia Casciola-Rosen1, Andrew L Mammen
1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
To review recent advances in our understanding of autoantibodies associated with dermatomyositis and the autoimmune necrotizing myopathies.
Recent Findings:
Autoantibodies preferentially associated with dermatomyositis include those recognizing Mi-2, MDA5, TIF1γ, and NXP-2. Each of these is associated with a distinct clinical phenotype. Autoantibodies found in patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathies recognize signal recognition particle and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzime A reductase (HMG-CoA) reductase. The latter are found in patients with statin-associated autoimmune muscle disease.
Summary:
As these are helpful both diagnostically and prognostically, a rheumatologist should be familiar with autoantibodies found in patients with dermatomyositis and the autoimmune necrotizing myopathies.
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