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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
10:54

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Altered histone modifications in cancer.

Moray J Campbell1, Bryan M Turner

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. Moray.Campbell@roswellpark.org

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aberrant histone modifications and gene expression patterns are hallmarks of cancer. Understanding these epigenetic changes offers insights into developing targeted epigenetic therapies for cancer treatment.

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Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
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Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
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Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Transcription factors regulate gene expression, crucial for human health and aberrant in cancer.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications, are central to gene expression regulation.
  • Histone modification patterns are intricate, spatially and temporally regulated, and distorted in malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the relationships between histone modification status and gene expression patterns in cancer.
  • To understand how altered epigenetic events contribute to aberrant gene expression in malignancy.
  • To explore the potential for targeted epigenetic therapies in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genome-wide and discrete gene loci histone modification patterns.
  • Correlation of histone modification patterns with gene expression profiles.
  • Investigation of transcription factor interactions with histone-modifying enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Distorted histone modification patterns observed at both genome-wide and gene loci levels in cancer.
  • Altered expression of histone-modifying enzymes correlates with aberrant histone states.
  • Aberrant transcriptional processes trigger other epigenetic events like DNA methylation, contributing to cancer-specific gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Altered histone modification and gene expression are key features of cancer.
  • Dysregulation of histone-modifying enzymes contributes to aberrant transcriptional responsiveness in malignancy.
  • Understanding these epigenetic alterations is crucial for developing novel epigenetic therapies for cancer.