Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule in diabetic nephropathy
1Departments of Nephrology Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|September 11, 2012
Summary
Serum levels of Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) are elevated in type 2 diabetes patients, particularly those with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). ESAM correlates with diabetes duration, control, inflammation, and VEGF-A.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) plays a role in endothelial function and tight junction integrity.
- Previous studies link ESAM to experimental diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis in humans.
- The role of serum ESAM in type 2 diabetes with varying stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate serum ESAM levels in type 2 diabetic patients across different CKD stages.
- To examine the relationship between serum ESAM and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in this population.
- To identify factors associated with serum ESAM in diabetic patients with CKD.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional observational study including type 2 diabetic patients with CKD and healthy controls.
- Serum samples were analyzed for ESAM and VEGF-A levels.
- Data collected included patient history, laboratory results, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
Main Results:
- Serum ESAM and VEGF-A were significantly higher in diabetic patients (with and without CKD) compared to controls.
- ESAM levels increased progressively with CKD severity, being highest in dialysis patients and those with glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min.
- Serum ESAM correlated positively with diabetes duration, C-reactive protein, and VEGF-A, and inversely with HbA1c, hemoglobin, and albumin.
Conclusions:
- Elevated serum ESAM and VEGF-A are characteristic of type 2 diabetes, especially in advanced CKD.
- Serum ESAM is a potential biomarker associated with diabetes duration, glycemic control, inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Diabetic Nephropathy
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
01:25Selectins
Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
01:31Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
01:24Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
01:24Adherens Junctions
Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types – adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...