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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Gastric cancer: basic aspects.

Alexandra Thiel1, Ari Ristimäki

  • 1Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Helicobacter
|September 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastric cancer (GC) research highlights new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Next-generation sequencing identified ARID1A gene mutations, while microRNA dysregulation impacts cancer progression, offering potential biomarkers for early GC detection and prognosis.

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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
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Establishment of Gastric Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models and Primary Cell Lines
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Establishment of Gastric Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models and Primary Cell Lines

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
03:05

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
10:28

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Published on: January 22, 2018

Establishment of Gastric Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models and Primary Cell Lines
08:42

Establishment of Gastric Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Models and Primary Cell Lines

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gastric cancer (GC) presents significant global health challenges with high incidence and mortality rates.
  • There is a critical need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in GC management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microRNA (miRNA) research for gastric cancer.
  • To explore the potential of novel genetic and molecular markers for improved GC diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Summarized recent studies utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, including exome sequencing.
  • Reviewed current developments in microRNA research relevant to gastric cancer biology.

Main Results:

  • Somatic mutations in the ARID1A gene were identified in GC through exome sequencing.
  • Dysregulation of microRNA expression was linked to altered cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis in GC.

Conclusions:

  • Novel genetic markers like ARID1A mutations show promise in understanding GC pathogenesis.
  • MicroRNA expression patterns represent potential biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response in gastric cancer patients.