Golgi phosphoprotein 2 in physiology and in diseases

Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2, also termed GP73 and GOLM1) is a type II transmembrane protein residing in the cis and medial-Golgi cisternae. GOLPH2 is predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells of many human tissues. Under poorly defined circumstances, GOLPH2 can be cleaved and released to the extracellular space. Despite of its relatively "young age" since the first description in 2000, the physiological and pathological roles of GOLPH2 have been the subject that has attracted considerable amount of attention in recent years. Here, we review the history of GOLPH2's discovery and the multitude of studies by many groups around the world aimed at understanding its molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathogenic activities in various settings.