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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats
06:52

The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats

Published on: February 9, 2024

Noisy neurons keep neural stem cells quiet.

James M Chell, Jonas Frisén

    Cell Stem Cell
    |September 11, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    The neurotransmitter GABA maintains neural stem cell quiescence in the hippocampus. This discovery reveals how neuronal activity regulates the creation of new neurons.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Stem cell biology
    • Neurogenesis

    Background:

    • Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus are crucial for learning and memory.
    • The regulation of NSC proliferation and differentiation is key to understanding brain plasticity.
    • Neuronal activity is known to influence neurogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

    Discussion:

    • GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, directly targets radial glia-like neural stem cells.
    • This interaction maintains the quiescent state of these stem cells, preventing premature differentiation.
    • The study provides a direct link between neuronal activity and the control of neural stem cell behavior.

    Key Insights:

    • GABAergic signaling is a critical regulator of hippocampal neural stem cell quiescence.

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    Cell Sorting of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Live-imaging of their Cell Cycle Dynamics

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    The "Brain Milking" Method for the Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from Live Rats
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    Neural Stem Cell Reactivation in Cultured Drosophila Brain Explants

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    Cell Sorting of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone and Live-imaging of their Cell Cycle Dynamics

    Published on: September 14, 2015

  • Neuronal activity, through GABA, directly modulates the stem cell pool available for neurogenesis.
  • This mechanism ensures a controlled and activity-dependent production of new neurons.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research into GABAergic modulation of neurogenesis could reveal therapeutic targets for cognitive disorders.
    • Understanding this mechanism may inform strategies for enhancing brain repair and plasticity.
    • Investigating other neurotransmitters' roles in stem cell regulation is warranted.