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An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching
N M Digiovine1, F W Jobe, M Pink
1From the Biomechanics Laboratory, Centinela Hospital Medical Center, Inglewood, Calif.
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|September 11, 2012
Summary
Baseball pitchers
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Baseball pitching involves repetitive, high-velocity upper extremity movements.
- This repetitive action places pitchers at high risk for shoulder and elbow injuries.
- Understanding muscle function during pitching is critical for injury prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the muscle-firing patterns in the upper extremities of skilled baseball pitchers during a fastball pitch.
- To analyze the precise timing and coordination of muscle activation during the throwing motion.
Main Methods:
- Fine-wire electromyography was used to record activity in 29 upper extremity muscle bellies.
- Data was collected from skilled pitchers performing a fastball pitch.
Main Results:
- Muscles demonstrated precise timing for stabilization, force transfer, and deceleration.
- Synchronized reciprocal and sequential muscle contractions were evident.
- Specific muscle firing patterns were identified during the pitching cycle.
Conclusions:
- The study enhances understanding of coordinated muscle activity during pitching.
- This knowledge is vital for developing effective exercise protocols and surgical interventions.
- Improved understanding aids in preventing and treating shoulder and elbow injuries in throwing athletes.
