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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

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Related Experiment Video

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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

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Published on: February 26, 2020

Does bilingualism twist your tongue?

Tamar H Gollan1, Matthew Goldrick

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0948, USA. tgollan@ucsd.edu

Cognition
|September 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Bilingualism can negatively impact the processing of word sound structures (sub-lexical representations). Bilinguals made more errors on tongue twisters, showing disadvantages beyond just word recognition.

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Second Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Bilingualism's cognitive effects are widely studied, often focusing on executive functions.
  • The impact of bilingualism on phonological processing, particularly sub-lexical representations, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if bilingualism affects the processing of sub-lexical representations that define word sound structures.
  • To compare the performance of Spanish-English bilinguals, Mandarin-English bilinguals, and English-only monolinguals on a phonological task.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (bilinguals and monolinguals) repeated English tongue twisters.
  • Tongue twister materials varied in lexical support (words vs. nonwords) and phonological similarity (similar vs. dissimilar sounds).

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  • Error rates were analyzed to assess sub-lexical processing efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Spanish-English bilinguals produced significantly more errors than monolinguals, especially when lexical support was absent.
    • Mandarin-English bilinguals also showed disadvantages, though more consistently across all conditions.
    • Bilingual disadvantages were observed in sub-lexical processing, not just lexical access.

    Conclusions:

    • Bilingualism can impair the processing of sub-lexical sound representations, extending beyond lexical-level effects.
    • Phonological processing in bilinguals is influenced by their language experience, not solely by the inherent complexity of sounds.
    • Findings suggest that early and extensive language experience shapes sub-lexical processing for all speakers.