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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Published on: October 10, 2020

Stabilizers of the elbow.

G J King¹, B F Morrey, K N An

¹Hand and Upper Limb Centre at St. Joseph's Health Center, London, Ontario, Canada; The Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Rochester, Minn.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

|September 11, 2012

Summary

Elbow joint stability relies on articular surfaces, ligaments, and muscles. Understanding these stabilizers is crucial for managing elbow injuries effectively.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Biomechanics
Anatomy

Background:

The elbow joint's stability is maintained by a complex interplay of static and dynamic structures.
These stabilizers ensure the proper alignment of articular surfaces during various movements.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of elbow joint stabilizers.
To highlight the clinical implications for managing elbow injuries.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on elbow joint anatomy and biomechanics.
Analysis of the roles of articular conformity, joint capsule, collateral ligaments, and muscles in elbow stability.

Main Results:

Elbow stability is multifactorial, involving osseous, ligamentous, and muscular contributions.

More Related Videos

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Published on: October 10, 2020

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

Published on: January 12, 2024

The relative importance of each stabilizer is dependent on joint position and muscle activation levels.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of elbow stabilizers is essential for effective clinical management.
Implications for treating osseous and ligamentous elbow injuries are discussed.