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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Anatomy of Blood Vessels01:20

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

The vascular system, an integral part of the circulatory system, comprises various blood vessels that play crucial roles in maintaining the body's homeostasis. These blood vessels form a complex and efficient circulatory network. The three primary categories of blood vessels are the arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries
Arteries circulate oxygenated blood from the heart, except the pulmonary artery, which transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Large arteries, such as the aorta, have...
Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow

Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.

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Rapid Whole-Mount High-Resolution Imaging of Small Animal Vasculature for Quantitative Studies
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Blood flow simulation and vascular reconstruction.

Luisa Costa Sousa1, Catarina F Castro, Carlos Conceição António

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, FEUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. lcsousa@fe.up.pt

Journal of Biomechanics
|September 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing bypass graft geometry improves blood flow and longevity. Numerical simulations reveal how minimizing flow issues at surgical connections aids surgical planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular engineering
  • Medical device design
  • Computational fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Bypass grafts are crucial for treating stenosed or occluded arteries.
  • Surgically created anastomoses can be optimized for better graft performance.
  • Understanding hemodynamics at graft junctions is key to improving longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate blood flow in bypass grafts with varying geometries.
  • To present a shape optimization framework using a genetic algorithm.
  • To demonstrate design improvements for enhanced graft longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional numerical simulation of blood flow.
  • Finite element solver coupled with a genetic algorithm for shape optimization.
  • Analysis of hemodynamic parameters at anastomosis junctions.

Main Results:

  • Identified benefits of understanding blood flow hemodynamics at anastomosis junctions.
  • Achieved design improvements through shape optimization.
  • Demonstrated reduction in recirculation zones and flow stagnation.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing bypass graft geometry can significantly improve the flow environment.
  • Minimizing recirculation and stagnation enhances graft longevity.
  • Numerical simulations and optimization are valuable tools for surgical planning.