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Updated: May 18, 2026
09:46
Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
Published on: December 1, 2016
Contact dermatitis to hair dye: an update
Sanjeev Handa1, Rahul Mahajan, Dipankar De
1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|September 11, 2012
Summary
Hair dyes, especially para-phenylenediamine (PPD), are a major cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Reducing PPD exposure through natural alternatives and protective gear is crucial for public health.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Hair dye exposure is a significant risk factor for allergic contact dermatitis.
- Consumers experience facial and trunk eczema, while hairdressers develop hand eczema.
- Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary allergen in permanent hair dyes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the prevalence and impact of PPD sensitization.
- To discuss the role of hair dye use as a common cause of contact dermatitis.
- To propose strategies for reducing the burden of PPD-related allergic reactions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on hair dye allergens and contact dermatitis.
- Analysis of the prevalence of PPD sensitization globally.
- Identification of common exposure scenarios for consumers and hairdressers.
Main Results:
- Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is the most significant allergen in permanent hair dyes.
- PPD sensitization is prevalent worldwide, with hair dye use being the leading cause.
- Hair dye use leads to significant allergic contact dermatitis in both consumers and professionals.
Conclusions:
- Strict legislation to limit PPD in hair dyes is necessary.
- Promoting natural hair dye alternatives for consumers can reduce sensitization.
- Encouraging the use of protective barrier gloves for hairdressers is recommended.
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