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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Growth differentiation factor 15 in heart failure: an update.
1Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. wollert.kai@mh-hannover.de
Current Heart Failure Reports
|September 11, 2012
Summary
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) indicates cardiometabolic risk and heart failure (HF) risk. Elevated GDF-15 levels predict HF incidence, progression, and adverse outcomes, independent of other biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomarkers
- Cytokine Signaling
Background:
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine.
- GDF-15 is increasingly recognized as a biomarker for cardiometabolic risk and disease burden.
- It integrates cardiovascular and extracardiac disease pathways impacting heart failure (HF).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of GDF-15 in heart failure.
- To highlight GDF-15 as a predictor of HF risk and prognosis.
- To discuss the potential of GDF-15 in patient monitoring and therapeutic target discovery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on GDF-15.
- Analysis of GDF-15 levels in relation to HF incidence, progression, and outcomes.
- Comparison of GDF-15 with established risk factors and biomarkers like BNP.
Main Results:
- Increased circulating GDF-15 is linked to higher HF risk in healthy individuals.
- Elevated GDF-15 post-acute coronary syndrome predicts adverse left ventricular remodeling and HF.
- In HF patients, GDF-15 levels and their changes correlate with adverse outcomes.
- GDF-15 provides prognostic information independent of traditional risk factors and BNP.
Conclusions:
- GDF-15 is a significant biomarker for cardiometabolic risk and heart failure.
- Its levels reflect disease burden and predict adverse outcomes.
- Further research into GDF-15 pathobiology may reveal novel therapeutic targets for HF.
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