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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

The Role of Culture

The Role of Culture

Culture plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and influencing thought and behavior, a foundational interest within social psychology. The multicultural perspective recognizes that individuals do not exist in a vacuum; instead, their experiences, perceptions, and actions are deeply influenced by the intersecting dimensions of their cultural, ethnic, and social group affiliations.Cultural Influence on Self-Identity and Social PerceptionCultural frameworks inform how individuals define...

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...

Close Relationships and Culture

Close Relationships and Culture

Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...

Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-Esteem and Culture

Self-esteem, a core psychological construct, is intricately shaped by cultural context and varies significantly between collectivist and individualistic societies. In collectivist cultures such as Japan, self-esteem tends to be flexible, context-sensitive, and influenced by relationships. A Japanese student, for instance, may show restraint in formal settings like school but behave more openly among close friends, reflecting the flexible and dynamic nature of self-concept in such...

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[DSM-5 and culture].

J T V M de Jong¹

¹Institute for Social Science Research, UvA, VU mc, Amsterdam. jtvmdejong@gmail.com

Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie

|September 11, 2012

Summary

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) aims to improve cultural relevance but falls short. A dimensional-categorical system may better address cultural psychiatry and psychology needs.

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology
Cultural Psychiatry

Context:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the primary diagnostic system in Dutch mental healthcare.
The upcoming DSM-5 revision aims to enhance cultural diversity considerations.

Purpose:

To examine key aspects of DSM-5 with cultural relevance.
To evaluate the effectiveness of current diagnostic systems in addressing cultural diversity.

Summary:

A literature search (1990-2011) on DSM, ICD, and cultural diversity was conducted.
Analysis of depression and anxiety examples indicates the current diagnostic system does not fully meet its aims regarding cultural relevance.
A dimensional-categorical system is proposed as a potential solution to enhance cultural responsiveness in diagnosis and research.

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Impact:

The proposed system could significantly benefit cultural psychiatry and psychology.
It may improve understanding of subsyndromal symptoms, illness experiences, and culturally responsive research.
A major paradigm shift in diagnostic classification is not anticipated until DSM-6.