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Related Concept Videos

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment01:18

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment

Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated.
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
03:07

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses

Published on: October 11, 2024

Reuse of single-use devices: looking back, looking forward.

M Hussain1, K P Balsara, S Nagral

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal and Laparoscopic Surgery, Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. maharrahussain@gmail.com

The National Medical Journal of India
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-use medical device reprocessing is common internationally but unregulated in India. This study examines reuse practices, policies, and ethical implications, proposing guidelines for India.

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Microfluidic Applications for Disposable Diagnostics
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Microfluidic Applications for Disposable Diagnostics

Published on: February 3, 2008

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
03:07

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses

Published on: October 11, 2024

Microfluidic Applications for Disposable Diagnostics
10:21

Microfluidic Applications for Disposable Diagnostics

Published on: February 3, 2008

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare policy
  • Medical device reprocessing
  • Public health

Background:

  • Reprocessing of medical devices labeled 'single-use' is a long-standing practice globally.
  • Legislation and rationalization of single-use device (SUD) reprocessing exist in Western countries and Japan.
  • India lacks specific regulatory guidance, leading to unregulated SUD reprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolution of SUD reuse policies.
  • To investigate prevalent SUD reprocessing practices in India and internationally.
  • To address the ethical and economic implications of SUD reuse and propose policy guidelines for India.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Indian and international publications on SUD reprocessing.
  • Analysis of existing policies and regulatory frameworks.
  • Examination of ethical and economic factors associated with SUD reuse.

Main Results:

  • SUD reprocessing is widespread but lacks regulatory oversight in India.
  • International policies provide a framework for regulated reprocessing.
  • Significant ethical and economic considerations surround SUD reuse in the Indian context.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for regulatory guidance on SUD reprocessing in India.
  • Developing clear policies can ensure patient safety and ethical practices.
  • Adoption of suggested guidelines can help formulate effective SUD reuse policies in India.