Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

State of art of robotic prostatectomy: the way we do it in Catalonia, Spain.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2024
Same author

Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on symptoms and interoception in trauma-related disorders and exposure to traumatic events: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychiatry research·2024
Same author

Systematic review of methods used to improve the efficacy of magnetic resonance in early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2022
Same author

Continence definition and prognostic factors for early urinary continence recovery in posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2022
Same author

The current value of histological findings in negative prostate biopsies to predict the future risk of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2021
Same author

Are targeted prostate biopsies ready to replace systematic prostate biopsies?

Actas urologicas espanolas·2019
Same journal

Impact of Estimating Genetic Variance in the Target Group on Reliability Metrics of the Linear Regression Validation Method Under Selection.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Evaluating the Predictive Value of Estimated Breeding Values of Piétrain Sires for Uniformity and Survival in Their Crossbred Progeny.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Genetic Evaluation of Growth Rate and Kleiber's Ratio Traits in Deccani Sheep Using Bayesian Inference.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Thermal Thresholds and Genetic Sensitivity in Barrel Racing Performance of Quarter Horses Across Temperature-Humidity Indices.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Unravelling the Genetic Structure of Local and Mainstream Red-Pied Cattle Breeds Using Genomics and Extended Pedigree Analysis.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
Same journal

Phenotypic Responses to Selection in Ross 308 Broiler Breeders: Long-Term Growth Assessed With Nonlinear Models Across Four Generations.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Reciprocal translocations in cattle: frequency estimation.

L De Lorenzi1, P Morando, J Planas

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Milan University, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift Fur Tierzuchtung Und Zuchtungsbiologie
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reciprocal translocations (RCPs) in cattle are underestimated due to detection limitations. This study reveals RCPs may be five times more frequent than previously thought, impacting cattle breeding fertility.

More Related Videos

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
07:34

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Published on: February 23, 2011

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
09:40

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 23, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
07:34

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Published on: February 23, 2011

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
09:40

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 23, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Genetics
  • Cytogenetics
  • Animal Breeding

Background:

  • Chromosomal anomalies, specifically Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations, significantly reduce fertility in cattle.
  • Reciprocal translocations (RCPs) are considered rare in cattle, with only 19 described, often overshadowed by the common Robertsonian translocations like the 1;29 translocation.
  • Current detection methods underestimate RCP frequency, leading to inaccurate assessments of their impact on cattle populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a realistic estimate of reciprocal translocation prevalence in cattle.
  • To identify and mitigate factors contributing to the underestimation of RCP frequency.
  • To highlight the need for improved methods for detecting RCPs in cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of mathematical and simulation approaches.
  • Analyzed cytogenetic data collected over the past 15 years.
  • Compared detection rates of different cytogenetic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Only 16% of reciprocal translocations are detectable with standard Giemsa staining techniques.
  • The actual frequency of RCPs in the studied cattle population is estimated to be at least 0.14%.
  • This frequency is approximately five times higher than that observed for de novo Robertsonian translocations.

Conclusions:

  • Standard cytogenetic techniques significantly underestimate the prevalence of reciprocal translocations in cattle.
  • Reciprocal translocations pose a greater threat to cattle fertility and breeding programs than currently recognized.
  • There is an urgent need to implement more sensitive methods for identifying reciprocal translocations in cattle breeding.