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A novel reproductive peptide, phoenixin.

G L C Yosten1, R-M Lyu, A J W Hsueh

  • 1Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA. glcyosten@yahoo.com

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered phoenixin, a novel peptide regulating pituitary hormones essential for fertility. This finding reveals a new class of factors that prime the pituitary gland for reproductive hormone release.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • Anterior pituitary function is critical for fertility.
  • Reproductive hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
  • The existence of other pituitary-regulating factors beyond GnRH has been hypothesized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel factors regulating pituitary gonadotropin secretion.
  • To investigate the role of newly identified peptides in reproductive function.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which phoenixin influences GnRH receptor expression.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify novel peptides.
  • In vivo studies using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to compromise phoenixin.
  • Assessment of estrous cyclicity and pituitary GnRH receptor expression.

Main Results:

  • A novel peptide, phoenixin, was identified through bioinformatic approaches.
  • Phoenixin was found to modulate pituitary gonadotropin secretion by altering GnRH receptor expression.
  • In vivo reduction of phoenixin led to delayed estrus and decreased GnRH receptor expression.

Conclusions:

  • Phoenixin represents a new class of hypothalamically-derived pituitary priming factors.
  • Phoenixin sensitizes the pituitary to other releasing factors, rather than directly stimulating secretion.
  • This discovery offers new insights into the regulation of fertility and reproductive health.