Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026

Captive Maintenance and Venom Extraction of Tityus serrulatus (Brazilian Yellow Scorpion) for Antivenom Production
Published on: October 6, 2023
Pygmy rattlesnake envenomation treated with Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Antivenom
Andrew M King1, William S Crim, Nathan B Menke
1Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PUH South Tower, Suite M2935, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kingam@upmc.edu
Unlabelled:
Documented envenomations by the pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) are rare. While there have been no documented fatalities, several older case reports describe significant morbidity. We describe the first known case of pygmy rattlesnake envenomation that was treated with Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab Antivenom (CroFab®).
Case:
A 28-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented after being envenomated on the right hand by his friend's pet pygmy rattlesnake. He developed swelling and pain in his hand and forearm. He responded well to a ten vial loading dose and a 18 h maintenance protocol of CroFab and was discharged the following day without developing any hematological or electrolyte derangements.
Conclusion:
This is the first documented use of CroFab for S. m. barbouri envenomation. The outcome of this case suggests that CroFab is a safe treatment modality in this setting.
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